the far side. Ions, on the other hand, penetrate into the body and unfold their damaging effects at the end of their flight path in a specific depth, which depends on the speed of the ions. The dose along [...] reaches a sharp peak in the small—pinhead-sized—tissue volume in which the ions come to a stop. By controlling the speed of the ions, the depth at which this dose maximum occurs can be located precisely within [...] as the biological effectiveness in the tumor while minimizing them in healthy tissues. Accelerated ions meet these objectives far better than the commonly used X-rays. Physical dose distribution As an X-ray

(0.25*A/ς [mA]) was reached for argon and lighter ions but not for U 4+ or rare isotopes. For that reason further modifications of the high current ion injector, e.g., geometry of the acceleration gap, [...] after the acceleration system for different ion species with beam energies up to 150 keV and beam currents up to 100 mA. For the measurements a multicusp ion source with a multiaperture accel–decel extraction [...] extraction system has been used to produce high ion beam currents in low charge states. The commissioning has been made using an Ar+ beam. This ion beam is easy to produce in nearly one charge state with

venting system for the ion source vacuum chambers. Through this operators are saving time during source exchange as well as operational safety. Electrode production workshop The ion source department is [...] is able to produce sputtering electrodes for the PIG ion source as well as cathodes for the VARIS and MEVVA ion sources at its own vacuum melting oven. Two turbo molecular pumps (300l/s) are evacuating the [...] Workshops Mechanical workshop Since in the ion source department there is a lot of mechanical construction needed. There is a mechanical workshop working exclusively for the belongings of our group. The

with stored and cooled ions based on modern techniques for storage and cooling of charged particles. Primarily Penning traps are used for the three dimensional confinement of the ions. The group of young [...] the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) and the ion trap facility SHIPTRAP are used for the investigation of stored and cooled radionuclides. Furthermore, the ion trap experiment ISOLTRAP at the online mas [...] run by the atomic physics group. In the near future the ion trap facility HITRAP , which is designed for capturing and cooling of highly charged ions produced at the GSI-accelerator complex, will come into

current ion sources at GSI In order to compare the beam quality produced by the ion source CHORDIS and the Vacuum arc ion source VARIS, beam emittance measurements have been performed. The ion sources

development was the result of many years of research in conjunction with GSI’s large ion-beam accelerator system. To date, ion-beam radiotherapy has been used to treat more than 440 patients for tumors in the [...] the head or neck region. The advantage of this new treatment modality is that the ion beam selectively damages tumor tissues while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Further research will focus on [...] on applying the new treatment method to other malignant tumors as well. An ion-beam radiotherapy center was constructed at the Heidelberg University Medical Center under the technical direction of GSI.

Plasma physics with intense laser and ion beams Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 161-163 , pp. 9-18 (2000) U. Neuner et al. Shaping of Intense Ion Beams into Hollow Cylindrical Form Physical [...] al. X-ray emission of hollow ions in dense plasmas created with high intensity lasers RIKEN Review 31 , pp. 42-44, November 2000 F.B. Rosmej et al. X-ray radiation from ions with K-shell vacancies Journal [...] L107-L117, 2000 M. Roth et al. Energy loss of heavy ions in laser-produced plasmas Europhysics Letters 50 (1), pp. 28-34 (A2000) S. Stöwe et al. Heavy-ion-induced hydrodynamic motion in lead targets Laser

ty secondary beams of ions and antiprotons. A new double synchrotron ring system will provide 10 12 ions/s up to uranium with an energy of 1.5 GeV/nucleon. Intense, secondary ion beams will be produced [...] Electron-Ion Scattering in a Storage Ring (eA collider) The experimental setup dedicated to studies of electron-ion scattering in the storage ring (ELISe) is part of the FAIR project . The FAIR facility [...] spread of secondary beams created via fragmentation or fission reactions. An intersecting electron ion ring (eA collider) will allow to scatter electrons with an energy of 125-500 MeV off exotic nuclei

clinical ion beam therapy centers in Heidelberg and Marburg, where patients are now regularly treated with heavy ions. Further Information Association for the Promotion of Tumor Therapy with Heavy Ions e.V [...] Professor Gerhard Kraft, the biophysicist and pioneer of modern heavy ion therapy. The initiator and decisive innovator of tumor therapy with ion beams established the biophysical research department at GSI in [...] Association for the Promotion of Tumor Therapy with heavy ions, honors outstanding master's and doctoral theses in the field of tumor therapy with ion beams. Dr. Jonathan Berthold's receives the prize for

/heavy-ions/ Figure: Heavy-ion beam raster scanning technique developed at GSI [figure from https://www.ph.tum.de/academics/why/questions/heavy-ions/] Main research topics Proton and Carbon Ion FLASH [...] application (closed 2019) (GSI) There is increasing interest in using helium ions for radiotherapy, complementary to protons and carbon ions Nuclear fragmentation cross section measurements Current Team Members [...] Katia Parodi) University Clinic Marburg and Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy (MIT) (Prof. Engenhart-Cabillic) University Clinic Heidelberg and Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy (HIT) (Prof. Juergen Debus) Trento Institute