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Darmstadt, November 02, 2009
Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre (HIT) has openedDeveloped at GSI, the novel cancer therapy facility now started routine operation.
On November 2nd, the Heidelberg Ion Therapy Centre (HIT) celebrated its opening. Developed at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, the novel ion beam cancer therapy is now available for a large number of patients. So far, patients had been treated solely at the GSI treatment facility. Ion beam therapy is precise, highly effective and very gentle on the patient. HIT is operated by the Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg (University Hospital Heidelberg), where a special building with a floor space of 60 x 80 meters was constructed to hosts the new therapy facility. Its accelerator facility and irradiation technology were developed and built by GSI scientists and engineers. The ion beam cancer treatment at HIT is one of a kind. Currently, the only other country offering ion beam cancer therapy is Japan, however, with a less effective irradiation technique. In the scope of a licence agreement between the GSI Helmholtzzentrum and Siemens AG, two more facilities modelled on HIT are under construction in Marburg and Kiel, Germany.
From
now on, a yearly number of 1,300 patients can be treated at HIT. Since 1997,
440 patients, most of them with tumours at the base of the skull, have been
treated with carbon ion beams at the GSI facility. Clinical studies proved the
success of the therapy, documenting a cure rate of up to 90 percent. Ion beam
treatment is now an accepted therapy with health insurance providers refunding
the costs.
The
heart of HIT is an accelerator facility tailored to therapeutic use and adapted
to medical routine operation. The HIT accelerator is significantly smaller than
the therapy facility used at GSI. The GSI accelerator spans several hundred
meters and is mainly used for heavy ion experiments in fundamental nuclear and
atomic physics research. Before administering the first treatment, GSI scientists
had carried out fundamental research on the radiobiological effects of ions on
cells for several decades, developing an irradiation technique that allows
targeting the tumour with the ion beam in the most precise and safe way.
“Since the 1970s, we have systematically
examined the effects of ion beams on over 100,000 cell cultures, always looking
to optimize ion therapy. When we first started, most people didn’t think it
possible that we could develop the technology to make the excellent
biological-medical qualities of ion beams useful for therapy. We succeeded
thanks to the interdisciplinary cooperation of nuclear and atom physics,
radiobiology and radiation therapy, accelerator physics, computer science and
many more fields”, says Gerhard Kraft, initiator and pioneer of ion beam
therapy and holder of a Helmholtz professorship in the field of biophysics at
GSI.
”With
the opening of the HIT, the vision professor Kraft and his team had 40 years
ago finally comes true: routinely treating patients with up to now incurable tumours
with the help of ion beams. This form of therapy offers an increased chance of
curing the cancer with shorter treatment cycles and fewer side effects. Ion
beam therapy is a great example for a successful transfer of fundamental
research to applied technology for the benefit of mankind”, says Horst Stöcker,
scientific director of the GSI Helmholtzzentrum and vice president of the
Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft.
HIT
comprises an accelerator facility with a 5 meter long linear accelerator and a
ring accelerator with a diameter of 20 meters. Three treatment spaces are located
adjacent to the accelerators, two of which are a continued development of the
technology used at GSI. The third treatment space features a rotating ion beam
guidance system, a so-called gantry. This gantry is a direct advancement of the
prototype developed at GSI. The gantry allows aiming the ion beam at the
patient’s tumour at any angle, thus enhancing the treatment options
tremendously.
HIT uses ions, i.e.
positively charged carbon or hydrogen atoms for the treatment.
Ion beams
penetrate the body and exert their full impact deep within the tissue, where they
hit a spot the size of a pinhead. To reach the tumour tissue, the ions are
accelerated inside the accelerator facilities to about three quarters of the
speed of light. That is almost 1 billion kilometres per hour. The ion beams are
steered with precision so exact that a tumour the size of a tennis ball can be
irradiated point by point with millimetre accuracy. The surrounding healthy
tissue remains mostly unaffected. Therefore, this method is particularly suited
for treating deep-seated tumours that are close to vital or important organs
like the brain stem or the optic nerve.
The development of ion beam therapy is
a joint project of the Universitätsklinikum and the Deutsche Krebsforschungszentrum
in Heidelberg, the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, and the GSI
Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung.
Development of the Novel Therapy
The GSI Helmholtzzentrum has been conducting fundamental research in the field of radiobiology, nuclear physics and accelerator technology for therapeutic use since 1980. In 1993, the construction of the therapy facility at GSI, Darmstadt, began. Since 1997, approx. 440 patient have been treated by the teams of the collaborating partners GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum in Heidelberg, and Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. At the same time, plans were made for the clinical facility HIT, to introduce ion beam therapy as a regular component of patient care. HIT represents a direct transfer of technology from the GSI pilot project.
The GSI pilot project produced the following unique innovations:
- the raster scan method, allowing a tailored tumour irradiation with a carbon-ion beam
- an accelerator that permits a quick and active variation in the ion beam’s energy level, thus allowing to adapt the penetration depth inside the tumour
- a fast control system, safely steering the ion beam inside the patient at millisecond intervals
- a “biology-based” irradiation plan, calculating the physical dose and biological effect of the ion beam at any given point inside the tumour
- monitoring of the irradiation through a positron emission tomography (PET) camera, to make sure the beam hits the tumour
The GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
GSI is a research centre of the Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft in Darmstadt, Germany. It is financed by the German federation and the German state of Hesse with a budget of 90 million euros. GSI’s research goal is to create a comprehensive picture of our surrounding nature. In this spirit, GSI’s over 1,000 employees operate a one-of-a-kind accelerator facility for ion beams. More than 1,000 guest scientists from all over the world use the accelerator facility for their fundamental research. GSI’s research program comprises a broad range of fields from nuclear and atom physics to plasma and materials research to biophysics.
GSI’s most prominent advancements are the discovery of new chemical elements and the development of a novel cancer therapy using ion beams. With these cutting-edge innovations and many more scientific novelties, GSI is a global leader in ion beam research. With the construction of the new international accelerator facility FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) at GSI, the centre will be able to continue its world-class research. The new FAIR facility will give researchers the opportunity to conduct a variety of experiments, with which they hope to gain new insights into the structure of matter and the evolution of the universe.
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Copyright: G. Otto, GSI
The image shows the treatment space at the GSI accelerator, where the clinical studies on tumour therapy with heavy ions are conducted. In order to ensure maximum precision, the patient's head is fixated.
 Download the picture: 300dpi
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Copyright: G. Otto, GSI
Inside the GSI's 120 meter long linear accelerator.
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
Planckstr. 1
64291 Darmstadt
Germany
Public Relations
Contact: Dr. Ingo Peter
Fon: +49-6159-71-2598
Fax: +49-6159-71-2991
Email: presse@gsi.de
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