Reaction type	Physics goals
Knockout reactions	Shell structure, valence-nucleon wave function, many-particle decay channels unbound states, nuclear resonances beyond the drip lines
Quasi-free scattering	Single-particle spectral functions, shell-occupation probabilities, nucleon-nucleon correlations, cluster structures
Total-absorption measurements	Nuclear matter radii, halo and skin structures
Elastic proton scattering	Nuclear matter densities, halo and skin structures
Heavy-ion induced electromagnetic excitation	Low-lying transition strength, single-particle structure, astrophysical S factor, soft coherent modes, low-lying resonances in the continuum, giant dipole (quadrupole) strength
Charge-exchange reactions	Gamow-Teller strength, soft excitation modes, spin-dipole resonance, neutron skin thickness
Fission	Shell structure, dynamical properties
Spallation	Reaction mechanism, astrophysics, applications: nuclear-waste transmutation, neutron spallation sources
Projectile fragmentation and multifragmentation	Equation-of-state, thermal instabilities, structural phenomena in excited nuclei, γ-spectroscopy of exotic nuclei